Monmouth County Historical Association collects, preserves, and interprets its extensive museum, research library, and archival collections that relate to Monmouth County’s history and culture and makes these resources available to the widest possible audience. About Us Our Mission Monmouth County Historical Association collects, preserves, and interprets its extensive museum, research library, and archival collections that relate to Monmouth County’s history and culture and makes these resources available to the widest possible audience. The Association promotes the study and appreciation of regional and national history through educational programming, publications, special exhibits, and research services. The Association also preserves and interprets five significant historic sites that represent the County’s vanishing architectural heritage. Through its pursuit of these objectives, the Association enriches the quality of life in Monmouth County by preserving and passing on knowledge of its diverse heritage for future generations. MCHA Bylaws For a copy of the MCHA bylaws, please click here . Logo History Over a quarter of a century ago, MCHA adopted the thistle as the official logo of the organization. The image was taken from a carving in a rare chair in the Association’s collection. The Rhea Chair is the oldest piece of documented New Jersey furniture and the only surviving wainscot chair made in the state. The chair maker Robert Rhea emigrated from Scotland to America, eventually settling in Monmouth County. Rhea, who was both farmer and carpenter, carved the Scottish thistle along with his and his wife Janet’s initials into the chair back with the date “1695.” According to James Fenimore Cooper, “The thistle is the order for dignity and antiquity.” The national symbol of Scotland, it is also the emblem of the Order of the Thistle, one of the highest orders of chivalry of Scotland. Throughout Celtic areas the thistle signifies strength, bravery, durability and determination. As the familiar symbol of the Association, the thistle reflects both the depth of the collection and the qualities central to the MCHA’s ongoing mission. Photo caption: Carving on chair back crafted by Robert Rhea with thistle along with date and initials. Executive Committee President Charles H. Jones III, Ed.D. First Vice President R. Glenn Cashion Second Vice President John Gagliano Treasurer Tom Bovino Secretary Betsy O'Connor BOARD of TRUSTEES Mark Aikins Thomas Bovino Sarah Ashmore Bradley Elise Casey Leslie M. Clark Lynne Taylor Clemons Eugene Croddick Dennis Fotopoulis Thomas J. DeFelice III Anna Greeley Jean Holtz Peter Izzo Robert G. Kash Michael J. McCarty William J. Mehr, Esq. La wrence J. Metz Joseph Mancino Lauren Stavola Luke Mosley Dwight Pittenger Candace Sparks Jessie Spector C arol Stillwell Thomas S. Taylor William Wells Advisory Committee Robert D. Broege, Esq. Hope Jones Ross Millhiser, Jr. Claire Knopf Cynthia Wilby Events 3rd Annual Farm to Fork Honoring Carol Stillwell of Stillwell-Hansen Saturday, October 4th, 2025 We had another phenomenal event this year - thank you to all of our sponsors and supporters. We could not do it without your help! Please click here for the ad journal video. Many Thanks to Our Garden Party Supporters! The 50th anniversary celebration of this MCHA tradition was a wonderful success thanks to all who donated to help us protect and preserve Monmouth County History. Click here to view the ad journal of our supporters.

Become A Member Your support is greatly appreciated! Your support helps us to: Showcase award-winning exhibits Preserve our world-class regional collections Educate K-12 students on fascinating local history Maintain and interpret our four historic houses Conserve irreplaceable objects and documents Put forth unique and interesting public programming, both on-site and digital Make our collections digitally accessible Foster research efforts to continue to highlight Monmouth County history! All Memberships Include: Unlimited free admission to the Museum ($15 per visit) and Library ($5 per visit) along with our five historic homes New members receive one hour of free genealogical research by our librarian, either in person, online or on the phone ($35 value). Exclusive members-only programs and advance notice of programs and special events Reduced rates for select programs and events Friend, Patron, and Benefactor Members receive NARM reciprocal membership! Individual Member $ 35 35$ Valid for one year Select Membership benefits plus: One Adult Membership Card Student/Senior $ 25 25$ Valid for one year Select Membership benefits plus: One membership card Family $ 50 50$ Valid for one year Select Membership benefits plus: Two Adult Membership Cards Friend $ 100 100$ Valid for one year Select Membership benefits plus: Two Adult Membership Cards Four Museum or Historic Home Guest Passes NARM reciprocal membership! Patron $ 250 250$ Valid for one year Select Membership benefits plus: Two Adult Membership Cards Six Museum or Historic Home Guest Passes NARM reciprocal membership! Benefactor $ 500 500$ Valid for one year Select Membership benefits plus: Two Adult Membership Cards Six Museum or Historic Home Guest Passes Private Museum Tour with our Curator NARM reciprocal membership!

This 250-article collection by author and renowned historian, Michael Adelberg, is the most comprehensive history of the American Revolution in Monmouth County ever assembled. Learn about the bloody civil and coastal warfare in the territory, the amazing story of David Forman, Joshua Huddy, Colonel Tye, and others in this incredible compilation. 250 for the 250th Celebrating the 250th Anniversary of the American Revolution in Monmouth County by Historian and Author Michael Adelberg ©2025 Articles by Year About the Author Purchase Books Other Resources Subscribe Monmouth Courthouse, 1778 We now understand that the American Revolution was more complicated than a contest between the George Washington’s Continental Army and the red-coated British. In no locality are these complications more evident than Monmouth County, New Jersey, where Patriots and Loyalists clashed in brutal, localized civil warfare. This local war transformed the county in multiple ways. It ushered in a new set of leaders whose ambitions were previously blocked by British rule; i t sparked new industries such as privateering and salt-making that brought new people and capital to the shore region, and i t re-structured the county’s most important institutions, including its churches, annual elections, and courts. While some of the clashes and incidents that occurred in Monmouth County—such as the Battle of Monmouth and the hanging of Captain Joshua Huddy by vengeful Loyalists—are well-narrated, dozens more remain largely unnarrated. The 250th anniversary of the American Revolution is the ideal time to compile and narrate the most important events and activities that occurred in Revolutionary Monmouth County. Articles by Year Click the year to be taken to all articles for that year, then click the article title By Year 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1774 1774 1. April 1774 - Turning Away the Tea Ship, Nancy 2. June 1774 – Committees Form to Resist British Policies 1775 1775 3. January 1775 – Shrewsbury Township Resists Continental Movement 4. January - April 1775 – Committees Consider Three Loyalists 5. May 1775 -- Anglican Reverend Samuel Cooke Flees Shrewsbury 6. October 1775 – Shrewsbury Leaders Move Against Their Black Neighbors 7. October 1775 – Monmouth Countians Capture British Ship 8. December 1775 -- Monmouth Militia Takes Control of the Ship, Polly & Anne 1776 1776 9. January 1776 -- Elias Longstreet’s Continental Army Company 10. January 1776 – The Capture of the Blue Mountain Valley 11. March 1776 – Dysfunction in the Monmouth County Militia 12. March 1776 - The Mission to Disable the Sandy Hook Light House 13. April 1776 – British Navy Takes Sandy Hook 14. April 1776 -- British Burn the Sloop Endeavor at Tucker’s Island 15. April 1776 – First Skirmish at Sandy Hook 16. May 1776 – Salt Works Begin on the Monmouth Shore 17. May 1776 – Sandy Hook Becomes Haven for Loyalists 18. June 1776 – Monmouth County’s Petitions Against Independence 19. June 1776 – The Difficult Service of Forman’s Flying Camp 20. June 1776 – Captain Thomas Creigher Sails the Monmouth Coast 21. June 1776 – Lt. Colonel Tupper’s Continentals Attack on Sandy Hook 22. June 1776 – Upper Freehold’s First Loyalist Insurrection 23. June 1776 – George Taylor and Nathaniel Scudder Report the Arrival of British Army 24. July 1776 – Monmouth Loyalists Join British Army at Sandy Hook 25. July 1776 – Pennsylvania Continentals Travel Through Allentown 26. July 1776 – Dr. John Lawrence and the Crime of Having Loyalist Kin 27. July 1776 – Monmouth Militia March to Perth Amboy to Defend Against British Attack 28. July 1776—The Rise of Little Egg Harbor and the British Response 29. July 1776 – New York Tories Find Refuge in Shrewsbury 30. July 1776 – Monmouth Slaves Seek Freedom Behind British Lines 31. August 1776 – Shrewsbury Friends Move to End Slaveholding 32. August 1776 – The Discovery of Samuel Wright’s Loyalist Association 33. August 1776 – County Commissioners Inventory Loyalist Estates 34. October 1776 – First Moves Made to Stop Illegal Trade from Monmouth County 35. October 1776 – The Capture of the Betsy and Disappearance of Its Cargo 36. November 1776 – Colonel George Taylor Turns Loyalist 37. November 1776 – David Forman’s Campaign Against William Taylor’s Loyalists 38. November 1776 – The Capture of Richard Stockton and John Covenhoven 39. November 1776 – The Continental Navy on the Monmouth Shore 40. November 1776 – Defending the Pennsylvania Salt Works at Toms River 41. December 1776 – The “Tory Ascendancy” in Upper Freehold 42. December 1776 – The Freehold-Middletown Loyalist Insurrection 43. December 1776 – The “Tory Ascendancy” in Shrewsbury and Down the Shore 44. December 1776 – British and Continental Soldiers Pass Through Allentown 45. December 1776 – Monmouth Loyalists Jailed at Fredericktown, Maryland 1777 1777 46. January 1777 – The First Battle of Monmouth 47. January 1777 – Lt. Colonel Gurney’s Campaign against Monmouth Loyalists 48. January 1777 – Monmouth County’s Ill-Fated Loyalist Militia and the Fall of George Taylor 49. January 1777—Loyalist Refugees Go into British Lines 50. January 1777 – Raising David Forman’s Additional Continental Army Regiment 51. January 1777 - Captain Francis Wade at Allentown 52. February 1777 – Reconstructing Monmouth County’s Government 53. February 1777 – Disaffection in the Monmouth Militia 54. February 1777 – The Battle of the Navesink 55. February 1777 – Militia Family Suffering after the Battle of Navesink 56. February 1777 -- Daniel Van Mater and Monmouth Refugees in New York 57. March 1777 – Salt Work Laborers and Militia Exemptions 58. March 1777 – Monmouth Baptists Reset Their Congregations 59. March 1777 – David Forman’s Attack on Sandy Hook 60. March 1777 – The First Loyalist Raids against Monmouth County 61. March 1777 -- Captain John Walton Captures Loyalist Boat 62. March 1777 -- David Forman’s Drift into Martial Law and Scandal 63. April 1777 – Monmouth Loyalists Pardoned for Continental Army Service 64. April 1777 – The Disaffection of Edward Taylor 65. April 1777 – David Forman and the Continental Army Red Coats 66. April 1777 -- New Jersey Council of Safety Moves on Monmouth Loyalists 67. April 1777 – Lewis Bestedo Kills Loyalist and Exposes Loyalist Outlaws 68. April 1777 – The Trial of Joseph Leonard 69. May 1777 – Monmouth’s Presbyterians Lose Two Ministers in a Week, then Gain One 70. May 1777 – David Forman Seeks a Fort, Sends Intelligence, and Struggles with Militia 71. May 1777 – Competition for Continental Army Recruits in Monmouth County 72. May 1777 – The Difficult History of the 1st Battalion of New Jersey Volunteers 73. May 1777 – The Travails of Mary Leonard and Other Loyalist Women 74. June 1777 - Monmouth Militia Join Continental Army to Shadow British Retreat 75. June 1777 – The Confusing Case of Captain Benjamin Weatherby 76. June 1777 – Thomas Seabrook and Other Whigs Move Inland for Safety 77. June 1777 – David Forman’s Informants in and from New York 78. July 1777 – The Rental of Loyalist Estates 79. August 1777 – Forman’s Additional Regiment and Salt Works Scandal 80. August 1777 – The Capture of the William & Anne and Post-Capture Maneuvering 81. August 1777 – 1st Battalion of New Jersey Volunteers Routed on Staten Island 82. September 1777 -- The Hanging of Stephen Edwards 83. September 1777 – Monmouth Countians Fight at Battle of Germantown 84. October 1777 – Huddy’s Artillery Company 85. October 1777 – Monmouth Militia Defeated by New Jersey Volunteers near Sandy Hook 86. November 1777 -- The Demise and Sale of the Pennsylvania Salt Works at Toms River 87. November 1777 – New Jersey Legislature Voids Monmouth County Election 88. November 1777 – The Disaffection Rhoda Pew and Murder of James Pew 89. November 1777 – Nathaniel Scudder’s Service in the Continental Congress 1778 1778 90. January 1778 – The First Monmouth County Court of Oyer and Terminer 91. March 1778 – Forman’s Additional Regiment Merged into the New Jersey Line 92. April 1778 –The Continental Army Draft in Monmouth County 93. April 1778—British and Loyalist Attack Monmouth County Salt Works 94. May 1778 – State Troops Raised for the Defense of Monmouth County 95. May 1778 – Loyalists Raid Middletown Point and Keyport 96. June 1778 – William Marriner and John Schenck Raid Brooklyn, New York 97. June 1778 – Second Monmouth County Court of Oyer and Terminer 98. June 1778 – The British Army’s Unpleasant Stay at Allentown 99. June 1778 – British Plundering and Arson at Freehold 100. June 1778 – The Monmouth Militia during the Monmouth Campaign 101. June 1778 – The Second New Jersey Volunteers During the Monmouth Campaign 102. June 1778 – The Continental Army Camps at Englishtown and Manalapan 103. June 1778 – Local Leaders at Battle of Monmouth 104. June 1778 – Damages from the Battle of Monmouth 105. June 1778 – Burying the Dead and Recovering the Wounded after the Battle of Monmouth 106. June 1778 – Monmouth Countians Attack British Baggage Train 107. June 1778 – British Army Marches through Middletown to Navesink Highlands 108. July 1778 – Continental Army and Militia Shadow British Withdrawal 109. July 1778 - British Army Boards Ships via Sandy Hook 110. July 1778 – British Fortify Sandy Hook in Preparation for French Attack 111. July 1778 – French Fleet Threatens Sandy Hook 112. July 1778 – Local Pilots Advise French Fleet about Sandy Hook 113. July 1778 – Provisioning the French Fleet via Rumson 114. July 1778 – Admiralty Courts Held at Barton’s Tavern in Allentown 115. July 1778 – New Jersey Proprietors Sell Off Land on Monmouth Shore 116. August 1778 – The Irregularity John Morris and Court Martial of Jacob Wood 117. August 1778 – Major Richard Howell’s Continentals Camp at Black Point 118. September 1778—The Capture of the Venus by Two Privateers and Its Aftermath 119. September 1778 – The Privateering of Captain Yelverton Taylor on the Jersey Shore 120. September 1778 - Daniel Hendrickson and Other Militia Officers as Privateer Captains 121. September 1778 – The Re-Capture of the Love & Unity at Toms River 122. September 1778 – The Daring Escape of John Hewson from New York to Monmouth County 123. September 1778 – The Death of the Pine Robber, Jacob Fagan 124. October 1778 – Thomas Crowell and Regulating Loyalist Passage into New Jersey 125. October 1778 - Pulaski’s Legion and the Osborn Island Massacre 126. October 1778 – Pulaski’s Legion in Stafford Township 127. October 1778 – Militia Respond to the Attack on Chestnut Neck 128. October 1778 – The Pardons of Purgatory of Ezekiel Forman 129. October 1778 – John Lloyd and David Rhea Lead Purchasing for the Army 130. November 1778 – William Marriner’s Second Brooklyn Raid and Later Career 131. November 1778 – The Decision to Station Continental Troops in Monmouth County 132. December 1778 - The Capture of the Schooner Two Friends and Its Captain 133. December 1778 – The First American Raids Against Sandy Hook 1779 1779 134. January 1779 – Toms River Emerges as a Privateer Port 135. January 1779 – Shore Neighborhoods Support Loyalists 136. January 1779 -- Militia from Other Counties Ordered into Monmouth 137 January 1779 – Caleb North’s Continentals in Monmouth County 138. January 1779 – Grain Seizure Splits Whig Leadership 139. January 1779 – John Van Kirk Infiltrates Pine Robber Gang 140. February 1779 – Henry “Light Horse Harry” Lee’s Dragoons in Monmouth County 141. February 1779 – Major John Burrowes and His Actions at Middletown Point 142. March 1779 – Mordecai Gist’s Continentals in Middletown 143. March 1779 – The Auction of Loyalist Estates 144. March 1779 – Scandals Mar the Sale of Loyalist Estates 145. April 1779 – Loyalist Kin Gain Pieces of Confiscated Estates 146. April 1779 – Alarm Beacons Constructed in Monmouth County 147. April 1779 – Benjamin Ford’s Maryland Continentals in Monmouth County 148. April 1779 – British-Loyalist Raid Tinton Falls and Shoal Harbor 149. May 1779 – Philip Freneau: Patriot, Poet, and Privateer 150. May 1779 – Loyalist Raids Increase in Frequency 151 May 1779 – Holmes v Walton as a London Trading Incident 152. May 1779 – Holmes v Walton as a Constitutional Watershed 153. June 1779 – State Troops Raised to Defend Monmouth County 154. June 1779 – The Loss of Tinton Falls 155. June 1779 – Refugee Women Listed in Monmouth County Militia Returns 156. June 1779 –New England Privateers Prey on Shipping at Sandy Hook 157. July 1779 – Monmouth Soldiers Participate in Campaign against Iroquois 158. July 1779 – Lewis Fenton, the Infamous Pine Robber 159. July 1779 –David Brearley Leaves Continental Army for the Supreme Court 160. August 1779 – Monmouth County’s 3rd Court of Oyer and Terminer 161. September 1779 – The Fall of John Morris and His Loyalist Battalion 162. September 1779 – New Jersey Volunteers Drift into Other Loyalist Units 163. October 1779 – Monmouth County Prepares for Return of French Fleet 164. September 1779 – Yelverton Taylor Takes British Troop Transport 165. November 1779 – The Establishment of the Associated Loyalists 166. November 1779 -- Thomas Henderson Selected to Continental Congress 167. October 1779 – David Rhea Complains about Lee’s Continentals in Monmouth 168. December 1779 – The Capture of the Brigantine, Britannia 169. December 1779 -Continental Congress Seeks Blankets Via London Trade 1780 1780 170. January 1780 – Provisions Taken from Shore Residents for the Continental Army 171. January 1780 – Henry Lee’s Continentals Raid Sandy Hook 172. January 1780 – Winter Storms Drive Five Ships onto Monmouth Shore 173 February 1780 -- Samuel Lippincott, Man-Stealing, and Jailed Militiamen in New York 174. March 1780 – The Disaffected Officeholders of Dover and Stafford Townships 175. March 1780 – Loyalist Privateers Sail the Monmouth Shore 176. March 1780 – Monmouth Leaders Split as David Forman Re-Emerges 177. March 1780 – Asher Holmes Raises New Regiments of State Troops 178. March 1780 – Loyalist Raiding Party Murders John Russell 179. April 1780 – British Counter-Attack American Privateers Off Sandy Hook 180. May 1780 – Loyalist “Manstealing” Peaks and the Rise of Colonel Tye 181. May 1780 – Preparations Made for the Return of the French Fleet 182. May 1780 – The Capture of the Outlaws John and Robert Smith 183. June 1780 – Controversy Surrounds Local Prisoner Exchanges 184. June 1780 – Stephen Decatur: The Greatest Privateer of the Jersey Shore 185. May 1780 – The Battle of Conkaskunk 186. July 1780 – The Establishment of the Association for Retaliation 187 June 1780 – Joseph Murray Killed While Tending His Fields 188. June 1780 – Colonel Tye and the Black Brigade 189. June 1780 – David Forman Sends Intelligence Reports to George Washington 190. July 1780 – Henry “Light Horse Harry” Lee Returns to Monmouth County 191. August 1780 – Crackdown on Militia Delinquents in Shrewsbury Township 192. August 1780 – Prominent Loyalists Captured and Scandal Ensues 193. August 1780 – Trevor Newland Pushed toward Disaffection 194. August 1780 – The Capture of William Marriner 195. August 1780 – Colonel Tye’s Final Raid 196. September 1780 – New Jersey Legislature Investigates the Retaliators 197. October 1780 – County Elections Marred by Violence and Voter Intimidation 198. October 1780 – Monmouth Loyalists Captured at King’s Mountain 199. October 1780 – Company of New Jersey Volunteers Taken in Route to Sandy Hook 200. October 1780 – New Jersey Assembly Struggles to Support State Troops 201. November 1780 – Monmouth Whigs Crack Down on London Traders 202. December 1780 – Lt. Joshua Studson Killed by John Bacon 1781 1781 203. January 1781 – Failed Prisoner Exchange Stokes Tensions between Whigs and Loyalists 204. January 1781 – The Capture of Lt. Col. Klein and Others Seeking to Go to New York 205. February 1781 – Monmouth County’s Jail and the Jailbreak of February 1781 206 March 1781 – Richard Lippincott Leads Raid against Monmouth Shore 207. April 1781 – Richard Lippincott as an Active Loyalist Partisan 208. April 1781 – The Bold Privateering of Adam Hyler 209. May 1781 – Loyalists Seek to Defend Waters Off Sandy Hook 210. May 1781 – The Monmouth County Whig Society 211. May 1781 –William Clark and the Raritan Bay Horse Thieves 212. June 1781 – The Battle of the 1500 at Middletown 213. July 1781 – Shrewsbury Friends Struggle to Stay Out of War 214. July 1781 – Monmouth County Intersects with the Yorktown Campaign 215. October 1781 – The London Trading Case of Elisha Walton v William Laird 216. October 1781 – Violence Again Mars Monmouth County Elections 217. October 1781 – The Vigilante Acts of the Association for Retaliation 218. October 1781 – Nathaniel Scudder Killed during Loyalist Raid 219. December 1781 – Pine Robbers Menace Dover and Stafford Townships 220. December 1781 – The Rise of John Bacon’s Pine Robber Gang 1782 1782 221. January 1782 -- Associated Loyalists Embrace Policy of Retaliation 222. January 1782 – Privateer Captain William Gray Clashes with London Traders 223. January 1782 – Joshua Huddy’s State Troops Stationed at Toms River 224. February 1782 – Loyalists Raid Pleasant Valley during Winter Storm 225. February 1782 – David Forman Seeks Passport for Mrs. Prevost 226. March 1782 – Associated Loyalists Raze Toms River 227. March 1782 – The Capture and Murder of Philip White 228. April 1782 – Richard Lippincott Hangs Joshua Huddy 229. April 1782 – The Local Response to the Hanging of Joshua Huddy 230. April 1782 – The Continental Response to Huddy Hanging 231. April 1782 – The Court Martial of Richard Lippincott 232. May 1782 – The Aftermath of the Huddy Hanging and Lippincott Acquittal 233. May 1782 – Loyalist Estate Confiscations Resume in Monmouth County 234. May 1782 – The Case of Caesar Tite and Other Litigation over Freedmen 235. May 1782 – Prosecution of Loyalists Intensifies in Monmouth County 236. May 1782 – Adam Hyler Captures Loyalist Regulars on Sandy Hook 237. June 1782 – Davenport’s Pine Robbers Routed at Forked River 238. June 1782 – Loyalists and American Prisoners Fish Off Sandy Hook 239. July 1782 – The Capture and Execution of Ezekiel Tilton 240. August 1782 – Monmouth Whigs Form New Associations 241. September 1782 – The Retaliators Outlast the War 242. September 1782 – Monmouth Loyalists Seek to Come Home 243. September 1782 – Monmouth Loyalists Emigrate to Canada 244. October 1782 – John Bacon Slaughters Gloucester Militia at Barnegat 245. November 1782 – The Secret London Trading of the Privateer Nathan Jackson 246. December 1782 – Pine Robbers Defeat Militia at Cedar Creek 1783 1783 247. January 1783 – Accidents and Humiliations Plague the British at Sandy Hook 248. February 1783 – Jonathan Forman’s Long Service in the Continental Army 249. March 1783 – The Death of John Bacon 250. April 1783 - Monmouth County’s Black Loyalists Emigrate to Canada Own the book inspired by these articles! Makes a great gift for the history lovers in your life! The American Revolution in Monmouth County: The Theatre of Spoil and Destruction The Razing of Tinton Falls: Voices from the American Revolution NEW BOOK! Coming July 2026 The Revolutionary War on the Jersey Shore by Michael Adelberg Books About the Author About the Author Michael Adelberg has been researching the American Revolution in Monmouth County, New Jersey, for over thirty years. He is the author of the award-winning The American Revolution in Monmouth County, and three other books. His essays on the American Revolution have appeared in The Journal of Military of History , The Journal of the Early Republic , The Wilson Quarterly , and other scholarly journals. Adelberg’s research has been recognized by the New Jersey Historical Commission, the New Jersey Studies Academic Alliance, the David Library of the American Revolution, the public television program NJ Today , and the government of Monmouth County. Other Resources Other Resources 250 for the 250th FAQs 1. How were topics selected for the articles in 250 for the 250th? Article topics were selected based on two criteria: 1.) the importance of the topic to the people who lived in Revolutionary Era Monmouth County; 2.) adequate source materials to draft the article. The Battle of Monmouth was the largest Revolutionary War event to occur in Monmouth County but it is not narrated in 250 for the 250th. That is because the Battle of Monmouth is already the subject of an excellent book, Fatal Sunday, by Mark Lender and Garry Wheeler Stone. However, several topics related to the battle and its impact on the people of Monmouth County are the subject of articles. 2. Are the articles in 250 for the 250th written about elsewhere? The articles in 250 for the 250th fall into one of three categories: a.) Discussed by modern historians, but not easily accessible. For example, David Fowler wrote an outstanding PhD dissertation about the Pine Robbers. The dissertation was written for a scholarly audience and never published as a book. Few people will read Fowler’s research. So, there are articles about the Pine Robbers in 250 for the 250th even though Fowler already well-covered this topic. b.) Discussed in local histories and antiquarian works. Several topics in 250 for the 250th are narrated in antiquarian sources or local histories. Some of these narratives are balanced and well-researched, some are not. Either way, Revolutionary War topics in these works hopscotch sources and are spread across dozens of older books. So, many topics covered in these histories are included in 250 for the 250th. c.) Original source materials. A number of topics in 250 for the 250th have never been narrated (for example, the raising of Monmouth County’s state troops). Shards of information exist across original documents and were pasted together for the first time in these articles. I enjoyed being the first historian to write on these topics. 3. How are antiquarian and genealogical materials used in 250 for the 250th? The articles in 250 for the 250th are built on source materials—those written by people who witnessed the American Revolution. If there are not source materials sufficient to write on a topic, that topic is not part of this collection. However, antiquarian and genealogical sources often add important details not contained in source materials. So many of the articles include supporting information from antiquarian and genealogical materials. 4. Modern historians discuss some aspects of the American Revolution in Monmouth County. How are these works used in 250 for the 250th? The articles in 250 for the 250th are ground in and written from source materials. In a number of articles, specific historians who contributed an original analysis or critique on the article’s topic are mentioned and their works are cited. 5. What is the likelihood that there are errors in the 250 for the 250th articles? The articles in this series are built on source materials and these materials offer the most reliable information about the Revolutionary era. But source materials reflect the bias of the author and sources sometimes disagree. For example, casualty counts in Continental and British narratives of the same event frequently disagree. Source materials are often imprecise with regard to specific dates, name spellings, and locations. In many articles, I make suppositions based on probability and context. Qualifying terms such as “likely” and “potentially” are used alert readers to suppositions. In any collection as large as 250 for the 250th there is inevitably a small amount of human error. If a reader believes an error might exist in an article, the reader is encouraged to bring it to my attention, and forward the source material that can correct the record. Readers can contact me at 250@monmouthhistory.org . 6. Were any edits made to source materials when transcribed into the articles in 250 for the 250th? In some articles, small edits were made to made to increase the readability of a particular document. 18th Century sentences were often extremely long and packed with qualifying language that can confuse a modern reader. So, some punctuation edits were made, archaic abbreviations are modernized, and some qualifying text is removed (replaced with “…”). In all cases, edits were minor and made only for the purpose of increasing the readability of the source. 7. Should there be more articles about poor people, women, and minorities in 250 for the 250th? The articles in 250 for the 250th are built on surviving sources and the body of surviving sources tilts heavily toward political and military leaders. When the body of surviving documents allows it, I selected topics that shed light on how the American Revolution impacted poor people, women, and minorities (particularly Africans-Americans in Monmouth County). Even when articles focus on political and military leaders, I seek to discuss the article topic’s impact on ordinary people. 8. Is 250 for the 250th the complete story of the American Revolution in Monmouth County? 250 for the 250th is the most complete account of the American Revolution in Monmouth County, but it is not the complete story. There are many important and interesting topics that lacked enough documentation to develop an article. Below are five examples of interesting topics that are not explored in 250 for the 250th due to lack of source materials: •Free African-American communities •The handfuls of American-Indians, Catholics, and Jews in Revolutionary Monmouth County •The Mattisonia Grammar School near Freehold and education in the county •Refugeetown on Sandy Hook (home to the Black Brigade and other Loyalist partisans) •Rebuilding villages razed by Loyalist raiding parties. Name Index For a name index throughout articles, the following searchable PDF is available. Tip : Use Crtl+F to find the names easily. Tables Here is the link to the tables page. Citations This entirety of this work is protected under US copyright . When using the information, please cite appropriately. This online citation generator offers various styles. Sample citation: Michael Adelberg, “[Article Title],” 250 for the 250th, Monmouth County Historical Association, 2025, [url]. Teacher Resource Click here for a guided classroom activity! Contact Information If you have a question for the author, please email 250@monmouthhistory.org . The author will return correspondence as time allows. Note : Mr. Adelberg is not a genealogist and is unable to help with genealogy questions. If you have a genealogy inquiry for our research librarian, please email Library@monmouthhistory.org . All in-depth genealogy questions will incur a standard research fee . The MCHA staff is unable to respond to emails or voicemails regarding this independent project. Thanks for understanding! Subscribe to get exclusive monthly updates on this collection Email* Join Our Mailing List Subscribe

Join us for free virtual lectures given by Monmouth County's most interesting speakers! MCHA Presents HISTORICALLY SPEAKING A Virtual Lecture Series - Co-Sponsored by the Monmouth County Library - Register below today for FREE Zoom lectures given by Monmouth County's most interesting and well-respected historians! You'll even have the chance to engage in a Q&A at the end! Browse our upcoming line-up to join us on the specified date at 7 PM: April 23, 2026 Joe Zemla presents Storm of Revolution : Highlights from the new MCHA exhibit Preview the upcoming exhibition scheduled to open at the Monmouth County Historical Association (MCHA) at the end of April! The exhibition will utilize hundreds of archival documents and objects from the museum collection to bring to life the drama, glory, and impact of the American Revolution in Monmouth County, as well the divided loyalties that engulfed Monmouth in chaos and civil warfare. MCHA Senior Curator, Joe Zemla, will introduce museum visitors to what they can expect to see and experience, as well as highlight some of the touchstone display pieces such as township petitions, relics from the Battle of Monmouth, and one of the nation’s earliest flags. Information Coming Soon! May 28, 2026 In-Person Lecture TBA *Special Registration Required - Will open soon July 2026 Michael Adelberg presents 250 for the 250th: The Revolution in Monmouth November 2026 John Barrows presents The Top Ten Myths of Monmouth Previous Lectures are Now Available! Register You will receive a reminder email a few days before the lecture date, and the link will be emailed a couple of hours prior to start time. Submit Thanks for registering! Anchor 2

The articles in the collection 250 for the 250th: The American Revolution in Monmouth County represent the most complete history of this topic ever assembled. < 250 Home < Previous pg. Next > Accidents and Humiliations Plague the British at Sandy Hook by Michael Adelberg In 1783, the British quit New York. The British navy suffered several setbacks at Sandy Hook, including losing 13 men from the HMS Assistance, sent to retrieve deserters on December 31. - January 1783 - In January 1783, Lt. Colonel William Martin wrote to General Guy Carleton, the British commander in chief, about the posts necessary to protect British assets in greater New York City as they drew down their forces and shipped Loyalists to Canada. Martin concluded: The post called Flagstaff Hill on Staten Island may be rendered very respectable, but Sandy Hook is thought by good judges to be the most important spot to Great Britain of any connected with this communication. Despite this and other indications that Sandy Hook was critical to protecting British shipping in and out New York, Carleton had neither the forces nor desire to heavily fortify “the Hook.” On most days, the military presence at Sandy Hook consisted of a guard ship anchored on the bayside of the Hook and a company of New Jersey Volunteers stationed at the lighthouse. By the end of the war, the size of the ships had dwindled from a frigate early in the war to only a sloop of war in 1783. Similarly, the guard at the lighthouse dropped to as little as 25 men (roughly half a full company). The once formidable shore battery and fire ships at the tip of the Hook were removed. In 1782, New Jersey’s most successful privateer, Adam Hyler, made several descents on Sandy Hook that included taking a number of prizes within sight of the guardship, capturing men on Sandy Hook, and defeating the guard and capturing its captain. Loyalist fisherman , peacefully fishing the banks off Sandy Hook, were often preyed upon and taken prisoner by privateers. Despite these humiliations, the British were disinclined to better fortify Sandy Hook—setting the stage for new humiliations in 1783. Continued Humiliations in 1783 While Hyler was dead, other New Jersey privateers continued to prey on British and Loyalist vessels near Sandy Hook. This admiralty court announcement in the New Jersey Gazette on April 16 is one example. The court would hear “the bill of Tunis Vorhees, commander of the armed sloop Revenge against a certain sloop called the Nancy and a certain sloop called the Rachel ... which said vessels were captured near Sandy Hook and brought into the port of New Brunswick." The Connecticut Journal printed a May 24 letter describing the sinking of a transport vessel carrying Loyalists to Canada. The letter reported "a considerable number of dead bodies from both sexes were lately driven on shore on the outside of Sandy Hook and others near Black Point near Shrewsbury. They are thought to have belonged to a vessel that lately sailed from New York to Nova Scotia which is reported to have foundered one day's sail from the Hook." The reason the transport sank is not stated, but it is noteworthy that the vessel left Sandy Hook without as escort, further evidence of British weakness. Another letter more explicitly demonstrated British weakness at Sandy Hook. On July 11, Lt. John White of sloop-of-war Vixen , serving as the guard ship at Sandy Hook, wrote directly to Colonel David Forman at Freehold. Forman was well known for supporting extralegal retaliation against Loyalists and British. White wrote: Yesterday morning, at eleven o'clock, I sent three men in a small boat for a cask of water, near the watering place, near Mr. Stout's at the Highlands; on their arrival they were made prisoners by a party of armed men, one of the men has been liberated and is since on board, who informs me that he has been beat most unmercifully, indeed his bruises are sufficiently conspicuous; what has become of the other two I cannot learn, I have therefore taken the liberty of acquainting you with the matter, as I am confident you would never give sanction to such an affair, and in the fullest hope that you will take the proper methods to bring the offenders to punishment, and to prevent the retaliating that might be the consequence of such unwarrantable proceedings. Years earlier, the beating of British sailors for peacefully drawing water would have prompted a powerful reprisal from British regulars. But by July 1783, White was forced to flatter Forman and hope for the return of his men. The situation on the Vixen worsened. The crew mutinied a week later, an event likely exacerbated by a lack of potable water and the humiliating capture of its sailors. The Salem Gazette printed a July 19 letter based on an account from two sailors who deserted the Vixen . The sailors deposed that: The greatest part of the crew of the galley, chiefly Americans, rose up upon the officers and having confined them, and rendered the cannon and small arms useless, came off in the two boats belonging to the vessel and landed on the Jersey shore, 24 in number. The Vixen had just completed escorting a Loyalist transport vessel out of Sandy Hook when the mutiny occurred. Bad luck for the British continued. On November 12, a large fleet evacuated the thousands of German and British soldiers remaining in New York. The fleet cleared the Hook on November 12; it was then hit by a severe storm. German Quarter Master Johann Georg Pfaff recorded that "the fleet entered the ocean [but] during the evening the wind increased and the fleet so scattered during the night that in the morning only seven ships were sailing together." A few weeks later, the British lost another ship, Three Crowns, to bad weather off the Jersey shore—this time a few miles from Little Egg Harbor. The Connecticut Courant would report that “the vessel went to pieces, and by the severity of the weather and difficulty of getting ashore from the wreck, the chief mate, ten seamen, and a woman, all perished.” The newspaper further reported that “the captain, supercargo, and ten seamen were saved after suffering almost every hardship.” George Washington entered New York City on November 25. The Treaty of Paris was signed, the British agreed to American independence, and the war was over. However, the British navy continued to hold Sandy Hook in order to alert and redirect ships still arriving at Sandy Hook, unaware of the evacuation. Two ships, the 50-gun Assistance and the 32-gun Hermione, were reported at Sandy Hook in December. The Final Indignity: The Halyburton Incident, December 31, 1783 On January 14, 1784, the Pennsylvania Gazette , reported the last British losses of the Revolutionary War, which occurred on December 31: Six seamen belonging to his Britannic Majesty's ship Assistance, of 50 guns, lying at Sandy-Hook, and confederated to desert, jumped out of the ship into a yawl, and pushing for the shore, were pursued by a boat manned with the first Lieutenant, eleven other officers, and a private seaman; presently after they left the ship, a snow storm arose; they lost sight of the chase, as well as of the Assistance, and were all of them (one excepted, who is not yet accounted for) the next morning found dead on a beach near Middletown Point, in New Jersey. - The Lieutenant was the Hon. Hamilton Douglas Halyburton, brother to the Right Hon. the Earl of Morton; the other officers were in general related to some of the most dignified families in Great Britain and Ireland. A second account of the incident, published in Scot Magazine in Great Britain added more detail about the deserters from Assistance : "about 3:00, six seamen of this ship being sent in a long boat, under the command of a midshipman, cut the rope and made for the Jersey shore." The captain of Assistance ordered Lt. Halyburton into a boat with thirteen men to bring them back, but the boat capsized in a storm and Halyburton’s entire party died. A witness at the funeral the next day wrote: I never saw so mournful an affair as yesterday, I attended their funeral at the Light House, where they were buried with full military honors of war, in one grave, tho' in ten different coffins... a most melancholy and awful procession. The British built a memorial on Sandy Hook for the men who "perished off the coast, Sandy Hook." Two other sources reported on the incident, including details about the corpses. The New Jersey Political Intelligencer , reported that the snow storm came on Halyburton’s party "before they got halfway to shore" and that Halyburton’s icy, snow-covered corpse was found on shore the next day. Great Britain’s Gentleman's Magazine , recorded: "A very melancholy accident” at Sandy Hook, writing of Halyburton’s lost crew: Before they reached the shore, a snow storm came on which, as is common in the part of the country, overpowered them so that they lost sight of both the yawl and the ship, and were all except one, found dead on the beach near Middletown Point, New Jersey, most of them sticking in the mud. The logbook of the HMS Assistance has survived. Here’s how it described the incident: Wednesday Dec. 31st, 1783 (Winds) NE b E - Moored in Sandy Hook Bay - First part moderate and cloudy with Snow. midday Weather - fresh Breezes & squally... Sent the Launch on Board the Transport with 7 empty Casks [casks to fill with fresh water]. Found that the people had rose & taken the Boat. Manned & armed the Barge and sent her in Chase of her. Thursday Jan. 1st 1784 (Winds) NNE Moderate and cloudy with Snow... The Barge was not returned. Friday Jan. 2nd 1784 (Winds) N A.M. light Breezes and clear, sent the Cutter on Shore in Search of the Launch & Barge. Saturday Jan. 3rd 1784 (Winds) N b W. Slight Breezes & cloudy. at 4 the Cutter returned with the Barge. informing us that the Barge had swampt the Hon Hamilton Douglas Hallyburton 1st Lieut., Lieut. Champion of Marines and Messrs Haywood, Hamilton, Gascoigne, Spry, Towers, Faddy, Wood, - Tomlinson, Reddy, Johnstone, & Scott Midshipmen& Jno. McChien, Seaman, were perished & all picked up except Messrs Hamilto, Wood & Tomlinson. Sent on Board the Hermoine & Sophie for Carpenters employed making coffins. At 10 A.M. sent the deceased bodies on Shore to be buried. Narratives of wars commonly end with a climactic victory on the battlefield. Inevitably, that victory is followed by months of wind-down activities that produce their own acts of bravery and tragedy. The British navy sailed from Sandy Hook, its last outpost in the original Thirteen States (though the British continued hold of several forts and outposts west of the Appalachians) in early 1784. The author is not aware of the exact date that the British Navy finally quit Sandy Hook, but it was likely shortly after the Hallyburton incident. The first French naval vessel visited New York City on February 5. The Courant reported, “On Monday last, arrived at Sandy Hook, his most Christian Majesty’s packet, Courier de l’New York, Captain Jubert.” The presence of a single French packet sailing safely into New York Harbor was final proof that the British had fully abandoned the region. Related Historic Site : Halyburton Monument Sources : William Marton to Guy Carleton, David Library of the American Revolution, Great Britain Public Records Office, British Headquarters Papers, #5142; M3221, www.nmm.ac.uk/memorials; Lopez, John. “Sandy Hook Lighthouse.” The Keeper's Log, Winter, 1986, p 6; Samuel Smith, Sandy Hook and the Land of the Navesink (Monmouth Beach, NJ: Freneau Press, 1963) p 18; Connecticut Journal, May 24, 1783; Maryland Gazette, March 27, 1783; John White to David Forman, David Library of the American Revolution, Great Britain Public Records Office, British Headquarters Papers, #8405; Salem Gazette, November 19, 1783; Johann Pfaff’s letter in Bruce Burgoyne, Journal of the Prince Charles Regiment (New York: Heritage Books, 2007) p75-6; Pennsylvania Gazette, January 14, 1784; New Jersey Political Intelligencer, January 27, 1784; Gentleman's Magazine, January 1784, vol. 54, p223; George Moss, Nauvoo to the Hook - The Iconography of a Barrier Beach, 32; Log of the HMS Assistance in George Moss, Nauvoo to the Hook - The Iconography of a Barrier Beach, 32; Erik Hinkley, Merchant and Naval Ship Movements, 1764-1799: International Notices from the Connecticut Courant (McFarland: Jefferson, NC, 2025), p 127, 128. 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The articles in the collection 250 for the 250th: The American Revolution in Monmouth County represent the most complete history of this topic ever assembled. < 250 Home < Previous pg. Next > The Death of the Pine Robber, Jacob Fagan by Michael Adelberg The first Pine Robber gangs, including that of Jacob Fagan, laired in the marshes between Shrewsbury and Manasquan. Fagan was only an outlaw a few months when he was killed by militia. - September 1778 - The Pine Robbers were Loyalist outlaws who lived in the coastal marshes and interior pine forests of Monmouth, Burlington, and Gloucester counties. While many of these outlaws made a living primarily by acting as middlemen in the illegal trade between disaffected farmers and the British commissary at Sandy Hook, others engaged in multiple violent robberies and burglaries. A lot that has been written about the Pine Robbers is improbable and not supported by original documents. One account, for example, claims that Jacob Fagan’s Pine Robber gang had a sophisticated fortress-lair: Fagan's gang had a state-of-the-art hideout in the pine barrens. Trap doors hidden under leaves and branches in steep hillsides admitted the pine robbers into 30 foot tunnels. These ended in storerooms that were large enough to hold six men. Buried beneath their floors was thousands of dollars worth of patriot loot. Romantic depictions aside, living in swamps and subsisting off the occasional robberies of people who were, themselves, not wealthy, was a very difficult way to live. Fagan’s outlaw existence, which lasted only a few months, was not “state of the art.” Many Pine Robbers did not survive the war; of those who did, there is no reason to think they were anything other than poor at war’s end. Historian David Fowler, who wrote the defining work on the Pine Robbers, traces their origin to early 1777 when some of the defeated Upper Freehold Loyalist insurrectionists hid in the woods after their insurrection was toppled. A few of these men were captured and jailed . Others may have stayed in the woods. These men laid low and convinced themselves that the British would return as liberators. But when the British Army traversed Monmouth County and quit New Jersey in July, 1778, any flickering hopes of liberation were dashed. Now, these Loyalist recluses mixed with British Army deserters and pre-war ne’er do wells. They emerged in outlaw gangs that have been imprecisely labeled Wood Rangers, Tory Banditti, and especially, Pine Robbers. In June 1778, a dozen men received death sentences for treason, robbery, and burglary at Monmouth County’s Court of Oyer and Terminer —half were pardoned. Two of these Loyalists, William Dillon and Robert McMullan, either became Pine Robbers or consorted with them after their pardon. In August 1778, Major Richard Howell, from his camp at Black Point, wrote about marching after a Pine Robber gang to his south, but it is unclear if he ever did so. What is clear is that Pine Robbers gangs—swelled by deserters from the British Army—grew increasingly bold in summer 1778. The Rise of Jacob Fagan and Attempts Take Him Jacob Fagan was a criminal who was twice indicted for larceny before the war. In 1776, he stole a horse, and then joined the Continental Army some months later (perhaps in exchange for a pardon). Fagan did not serve long. On March 20, 1777, Jacob, his brother, Perrine Fagan, and a third deserter were “brot [sic] in” to the Continental Army camp with six other “Tories.” The men were likely hiding in the woods following the collapse of the Loyalist insurrections in January. The man who took them, Lewis Bestedo, was an ardent Whig who would capture another group of Tories-in-hiding two weeks later. Though returned to the Army or jailed, Fagan escaped. He likely lived as a vagrant or outlaw in Monmouth County’s swamps through the summer of 1777. With winter coming, Fagan joined the Loyalist New Jersey Volunteers in November 1777. Fagan’s battalion of Loyalists was with the British Army during the march across New Jersey in June 1778. In the days before the Battle of Monmouth (June 28, 1778), Fagan and a few other Monmouth County Loyalists with the British Army, deserted and camped in the marshes a few miles inland from Shrewsbury. They became the core of the first notorious Pine Robber gang. Fagan and his gang must have been active robbers in summer 1778 based on the many steps taken to counter him. Daniel Dey of the Monmouth County militia recalled in his veterans' Pension Application: I volunteered for one month under Capt Walton at the time the British Army evacuated Philadelphia and marched through the State of New Jersey, was in the battle of Monmouth - was one week in the service under Col. [David] Forman hunting Tories through the pines, capturing more than 20 of them and fastened them together, two by two by the neck with a strong rope. William Lloyd also recalled going "in pursuit of the Refugees of the Pines” in 1778. He further recalled that “they broke into the house of a man I knew and killed the man and his wife." Jacobus Van Zandt of New York rode to Shrewsbury on July 16 to deliver pilots to the French fleet that was anchored off shore. He likely heard stories about Fagan’s gang and probably had to take precautions that made his trip unpleasant. He wrote: “I am much Fateagued and almost Burnt up with hot sand, in going through a Villanous Tory country.” On August 10, with Fagan’s infamy building, the New Jersey Legislative Council (the Upper House of the legislature) asked Governor William Livingston to "order out one class of militia from each of the counties of Burlington and Monmouth, to be stationed in Monmouth” to protect residents from “the disaffected persons skulking in the pines." Two weeks later, Major Richard Howell, stationed at Black Point with a small guard of Continental soldiers, attempted to infiltrate Fagan’s gang and then proposed to attack them: I sent out two men who pass for deserters to join the wood Tories, but could not join them, from their caution, having been deceived before. Since that measure was defeated, I now propose to go down by night & surround the swamp in which they are from, with this intelligence, and burn their cabins. However, there is no evidence that Howell went after Fagan. Fagan’s Most Notorious Incident and Death The primary documented incident involving Fagan was the robbery of the house of Captain Benjamin Dennis. Amelia Dennis, the 15-year-old daughter of Captain Dennis, later recalled Fagan and Stephen Emmons (who used the alias “Burke”) and two others coming to the family home near Manasquan. Dennis was a target because he was a strong supporter of the Revolution and because he was holding money from a sale of a captured Loyalist vessel. Captain Dennis was not home when the Pine Robbers approached, but his wife and daughter were. The first man to enter the house was a man named Smith, who, according to Amelia Dennis, was secretly an informer against Fagan. He warned Amelia to gather her father's valuables and flee into the woods. Amelia “hid a pocketbook containing eighty dollars in a bed-tick.” She and her little brother hid in the woods. Fagan and Emmons entered the house and became frustrated when they could not find any money. They found Rebecca Dennis, Amelia’s mother, and “took her to a young cedar-tree and suspended her to it by the neck with a bed cord” to force her to reveal the money's location. The potential hanging was disrupted by a passerby (John Holmes) who fled when the robbers descended on him. During the distraction, Mrs. Dennis freed herself and ran off. The robbers left with only a few household items. Afterward, Captain Dennis moved his family to the village of Shrewsbury for safety. According to Amelia Dennis, Smith informed Captain Dennis of Fagan's plan to return to the Dennis home in order to more thoroughly search for the hidden cash. The militia set up an ambush and fired upon both Fagan and Burke when they came, but the Pine Robbers escaped. However, Fagan was apparently wounded and his body was recovered a few days later in a swamp. Fagan's body was brought to Freehold where: The people assembled, disinterred the remains, and after heaping indignities upon it, enveloped it in a tarred cloth and suspended it in chains with iron bands around it, from a large chestnut tree, about a mile from the Court-house, on the road to Colt's Neck. There hung the corpse in mid-air, rocked to and fro by the winds, a horrible warning to his comrades. Amelia Dennis’ full account is an appendix to this article. Fagan’s death was reported in the New Jersey Gazette and Pennsylvania Evening Post . Jacob Fagan, the chief of a number of villains of Monmouth County, terror of travelers, was shot. Since which his body was gibbeted on the public highway in that County, to deter others from perpetrating like detestable crimes. The near-hanging of an innocent woman was an outrage that stirred the New Jersey Government. On September 30, the New Jersey Assembly, not knowing Fagan was already dead, concurred with a request from Governor Livingston: To issue proclamations offering such reward or rewards as his Excellency and the Privy Council shall deem proper for the apprehension of Jacob Fagan and Stephen Emmons, alias Burke, and certain other disaffected and disorderly persons in the County of Monmouth, who have for the time past committed, and still continue to commit, diverse felonies & depredations on the persons & property of the inhabitants thereof. The upper house of the legislature, the Council, recommended that Governor Livingston place bounties on the heads of: Jacob Fagan ($500), Stephen Emmons, alias Burke ($500), Samuel Wright of Shrewsbury, William Van Note, Jacob Van Note, Jonathan Burdge, and Elijah Groom ($100 each). The New Jersey Gazette published the Governor’s proclamation accordingly on October 7: Whereas it has been represented to me that a number of persons in the County of Monmouth, and particularly those herein mentioned, have committed diverse robberies, violences and depredations on the persons and the property of the inhabitants thereof, and in order to screen themselves from justice, secret themselves from justice in the said County: I have therefore thought proper, by and with the advice of the Council of this State, to issue this Proclamation, hereby promising rewards herein mentioned to any person or persons who shall apprehend and secure, in any gaol of this State, the following person or persons to wit: for JACOB FAGAN and STEPHEN EMMONS, alias BURKE, five hundred dollars each; and for SAMUEL WRIGHT, late of Shrewsbury, WILLIAM VAN NOTE, JACOB VAN NOTE, JONATHAN BURDGE and ELIJAH GROOM, one hundred dollars each. The militia had already killed Fagan—so, Dennis and the other militia were ineligible to collect on his bounty. In November, Dennis petitioned for the Jersey Assembly for the bounty anyway. Governor Livingston was sympathetic to Dennis and wrote a letter on his behalf. Livingston noted that he could not give Dennis the bounty, but urged the Assembly to "recompense [Dennis’ party] for their risque and trouble as may be suitable encouragement for others to undertake the like enterprises." On December 1, the Assembly voted to award Dennis £187 for his efforts—this amount was likely reimbursement for expenses related to mustering the militia to go after Fagan. The Council concurred on December 12, though it called the sum “a reward for taking Jacob Fagan” rather than reimbursement for expenses. This was less than the bounty on Fagan’s head, but still a significant sum. Fagan’s death was re-reported in the New Jersey Gazette on January 29, 1779, after three other members of his gang (including Stephen Emmons) were killed. The newspaper wrote: "the destruction of the British fleet could not diffuse more joy through the inhabitants of Monmouth County then has the above deaths of these three most egregious villains." The death of Emmons is the subject of another article . The death of the Pine Robbers was big news. It was reported as far away as Williamsburg, Virginia, where the Virginia Gazette reported on February 26: We hear from East Jersey that a desperate gang of murderers, chiefly refugees, deserters from New York, were lately brought to condign punishment in a most striking manner. For months past these miscreants had plundered Monmouth County with impunity, all means used to curb their excesses being eluded, by their vigilance and sudden retreat to the pine forests. At length, however, they were way layed by a party of armed men, who put the whole to death. However, other Pine Robber gangs led by Lewis Fenton, William Davenport, John Bacon and others would form and prove more destructive and durable than Fagan’s gang. The swamps of the Monmouth shore would remain, in the words of historian Donald Shomette, “lightly populated and altogether wild... the haunt of rowdies, smugglers, and highwaymen.” Pine Robbers would remain a significant problem for local governments and militia for the remainder of the war. Related Historic Site : Bear Swamp Natural Area Appendix: Amelia Dennis’ Account the Pine Robber Attack on Her Family One Monday in the autumn of 1778, Fagan, Burke [actually Stephen Emmons], and Smith came to the dwelling of Major Dennis, on the south side of the Manasquan River, four miles below what is now the Howell Mills, to rob it of some plunder captured from a British vessel. Fagan had formerly been a near neighbor. Smith, an honest citizen, who had joined the other two, the most notorious robbers of that time, for the purpose of betraying them, prevailed upon them to remain in their lurking place while he entered the house to ascertain if the way was clear. On entering he apprised Mrs. Dennis of her danger. Her daughter Amelia, a girl of fifteen, hid a pocketbook containing eighty dollars in a bed-tick, and with her little brother hastily retreated to a swamp near. She had scarcely left when they entered, searched the house and bed, but without success. After threatening Mrs. Dennis, and ascertaining she was unwilling to give information where the treasure was concealed, one of them proposed murdering her 'No!' replied his comrade, 'let the d—d rebel b—h live. The counsel of the first prevailed. They took her to a young cedar-tree and suspended her to it by the neck with a bed cord. In her struggles she got free and escaped. Amelia, observing them from her hiding place, just then descried John Holmes approaching in her father's wagon over a rise of ground two hundred yards distant, and ran toward him. The robbers fired at her; the ball whistled over her head and buried itself in an oak. Holmes abandoned the wagon and escaped to the woods. They then plundered the wagon and went off. The next day Major Dennis removed his family to Shrewsbury under the protection of the guard. Smith stole from his companions and informed Dennis they were coming the next evening to more thoroughly search his dwelling, and proposed that he and his comrades should be waylaid at a place agreed upon. On Wednesday evening the Major, with a party of militia, lay in ambush at the appointed spot. After a while Smith drove by in a wagon intended for the plunder, and Fagan and Burke came behind on foot. At a given signal from Smith, which was something said to the horses, the militia fired and the robbers disappeared. On Sunday, the people assembled, disinterred the remains, and after heaping indignities upon it, enveloped it in a tarred cloth and suspended it in chains with iron bands around it, from a large chestnut tree, about a mile from the Court-house, on the road to Colt's Neck. There hung the corpse in mid-air, rocked to and fro by the winds, a horrible warning to his comrades." Sources : Stephen Davidson, The Pine Barrens: Jacob Fagan's Gang, United Empire Loyalists' Association of Canada, http://www.uelac.org/Loyalist-Trails/2012/Loyalist-Trails-2012.php?issue=201243 ; David Fowler, Egregious Villains, Wood Rangers, and London Traders (Ph.D. Dissertation: Rutgers University, 1987); Journal of Colonel Israel Shreve, Louisiana Technical University, Special Collections (excerpted by David Fowler); Muster Roll of 2 nd Battalion of New Jersey Volunteers, February 24, 1778, Library and Archives of Canada, Loyalist Muster Rolls, New Jersey Volunteers, vol. 1855, reel C3874; JohnJohn Raum, The History of New Jersey (Philadelphia: John Potter, 1872) v2,p72-4 Franklin Ellis, The History of Monmouth County (R.T. Peck: Philadelphia, 1885), p196-7; Edwin Salter, Old Times in Old Monmouth (Freehold, NJ: Moreau Brothers, 1887) p 36; Donald Shomette, Privateers of the Revolution: War on the New Jersey Coast (Shiffer: Atglen, PA, 2015); National Archives, Revolutionary War Veterans' Pension Application, Daniel Dey of NJ, www.fold3.com/image/#15489356 ; William Lloyd’s pension application contained in John C. Dann, The Revolution Remembered: Eyewitness Accounts of the War for Independence (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980) pp 135-16; Jacobus Van Zandt to George Clinton, Clinton Papers 3: 560–6. Accessed via https://navydocs.org/ ; David Bernstein, Minutes of the Governor's Privy Council, 1777-1789 (Trenton: New Jersey State Library, Archives and History Bureau, 1974) p 83-4; Richard Howell to William Maxwell, George Washington Papers, Library of Congress, Series 4, Reel 5; The Library Company, New Jersey Votes of the Assembly, September 30, 1778, p 180-1; David Bernstein, Minutes of the Governor's Privy Council, 1777-1789 (Trenton: New Jersey State Library, Archives and History Bureau, 1974) p 91-2; The Library Company, Pennsylvania Evening Post; Library of Congress, New Jersey Gazette, reel 1930; William Livingston to New Jersey Assembly, Carl Prince, Papers of William Livingston (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1987) vol. 2, pp. 487-8; New Jersey Legislature notice, Monmouth County Historical Association, J. Amory Haskell Collection, folder 13, Document A; John C. Paterson, The Pine Robbers of Monmouth County, unpublished manuscript in the collection of the Monmouth County Historical Association, 1834, p 3; Archives of the State of New Jersey, Extracts from American Newspapers Relating to New Jersey (Paterson, NJ: Call Printing, 1903) vol. 3, p 54; Virginia Gazette, February 26, 1779, Previous Next

VOLUNTEER The generosity and efforts of our valued volunteers are integral to the ongoing operation of MCHA and its many programs. Volunteers fill a wide variety of roles and opportunities are available to suit multiple interests, time and skill levels. MCHA continuously recruits new volunteers throughout the year. Apply Volunteer Opportunities Internships We do not currently have available internships. If one becomes available, we will post it here! Please email Dana Howell at dhowell@monnmouthhistory.org if you would like your resume to be kept on file. Education / School Program Volunteers Help introduce a new generation of students to the fun and fascinating world of history! A background in education or drama is preferred, but all are welcome! Covenhoven House conducts school programs for 3rd and 4th graders, where we focus on Colonial America and the Revolution. Costumes for this program are provided from our fabulous reproduction wardrobe! We do not use costumes for our Marlpit Hall program, which focuses on the history of slavery in New Jersey. Marlpit Hall receives students grades 3-12, and is a highly rated student experience for all. Historic House Docent Volunteers are needed to staff each of the five Historic House Museums during the summer season, from the beginning of May to the end of September on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday from 1-4pm. Period clothing is not required, but you can certainly wear it if you like! Training and support are provided for these positions. Museum Docent Docents staff the Freehold Museum by greeting visitors, giving tours and processing admissions. Volunteers work in 3-hour shifts; the current available shifts are from 1-4 Fridays through Sundays. Orientation and instruction for gallery exhibition tours is provided. Bilingual Volunteers MCHA serves a diverse population and has a special need for volunteers who can deliver programs for non- English speaking for visitors. Currently there is a need for volunteers fluent in Spanish. Property and Program Event Volunteers Program Event Volunteers Ideal for volunteers with more limited availability , these positions include assisting with events such as Wool Days, Weekend in Old Monmouth, Open Hearth-Open House events and Lantern Tours. Relevant training is provided and roles incorporating period clothing are available. Eagle Scouts MCHA is always honored to collaborate with Eagle Scout candidates in reaching their goal. The Association staff can consult with Scouts to identify appropriate and interesting potential projects at one of the five historic properties around the county and help to facilitate successful results. Historic House Gardens Each historic house is enhanced with a garden and the Association welcomes local community garden clubs as well as individuals interested in showcasing their talents while heightening the beauty of these historic treasures. Corporate Volunteers MCHA is always excited to collaborate with corporate groups who are interested in volunteering their time. The Association staff can consult with company representatives to identify appropriate and interesting potential projects at one of the five historic properties around the county and help to facilitate successful results. Frequently Asked Questions Is there a specific time commitment required to volunteer? Volunteer hours are at your discretion and contingent on the projects that interest you, ranging from once or twice a year to every week. The Association staff is flexible and willing to work with your schedule to find the ideal situation for each volunteer. What if I have limited knowledge of history? Can I still volunteer? Yes! There is always a need for individuals with a variety of skills. A warm, friendly demeanor and keen interest are often the most crucial skills required to volunteer. Training is provided for all programs, exhibits, and positions before and during your volunteer time with MCHA. The staff will also work with you to match your skills with an appropriate position. What are the benefits of volunteering with MCHA? By volunteering, you are giving a gift of your time, your effort, and your commitment to the Monmouth County Historical Association. As part of MCHA’s volunteer staff, you will have the opportunity to present and educate visitors on the history of our area. In turn, with ongoing training and support, you will learn about a diverse number of subjects. In addition, volunteering offers you the opportunity to meet interesting people from all parts of the county who share your volunteer passion and interest as well as the nation and even the world through the visitors you will serve. MCHA honors its volunteers each year with an appreciation event and gifts. Students can also gain valuable experience and service hours through volunteer assignments. Why do you need my help? MCHA operates with a very small staff and a limited budget. Without our volunteers, much of what we do would be impossible to achieve. Your gift of time and effort to us allows the organization to grow and expand our mission into the community. How can I get more information? For school programs, email Yvette Rego at education@monmouthhistory.org For all other opportunites, email Tom Ballard at volunteer@monmouthhistory.org MCHA Volunteer Application Please fill out the form completely to be considered for a position Name Email Phone Address Which volunteer opportunities interest you? * Required Historic House Docent Museum/Exhibition Docent Administration/Fundraising Volunteer Educational Programs Special Events Hours of availability Our volunteering hours vary depending on the location or event. 11am-2pm Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday 2pm-5pm Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday 5pm-8pm Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday How did you hear about us? Language skills About yourself References Submit Thank you! Your application has been sent Volunteer Application

This material from our collections will help give you a more in-depth sense of the time in which the Covenhovens lived. Interactive images will direct you to our world-class eMuseum, where you can read the curatorial remarks about each object. General Clinton's Headquarters 1751 Deed to Covenhoven House Monmouth Courthouse Old Tennent Presbyterian Church Old Tennent Interior Diagram Old Tennent Parsonage Old Tennent Pew Diagram, Covenhovens #60 1738/1747 baptismal records for the enslaved servants of the Covenhovens Washington Rallying the Troops at Monmouth The Heroine of Monmouth General La Fayette Monmouth Flag Monckton's Sword Mrs. Covenhoven's key John Graves Simcoe Map Sir Henry Clinton 1778 Estimate of British Losses at the Battle of Monmouth

This exhibition is the first major development stemming from the Living and Breathing initiative, started in late 2019 as a means of reinterpreting MCHA’s colonial-era historic houses to include the stories of the enslaved African Americans who once resided within them. The exhibition will offer a better understanding of how slavery took root in early Monmouth County, as well as the complex dynamics of daily life and relationships among the enslaved.  Exhibits Coming Soon! Storm of Revolution: Monmouth at War 70 Court Street Freehold, NJ 07728 Using archival records and objects from our world class collection, this exhibit explores the drama, glory, and impact of the American Revolution in Monmouth County. Seventeen Men: Portraits of the Men of the 25th US Colored Troops 137 Kings Hwy. Middletown, NJ 07748 This traveling exhibition features a series of portraits by professional artist, illustrator, and historian Shayne Davidson, based on an exceedingly rare tintype photograph album featuring seventeen of the men who served in the 25th Infantry, United States Colored Troops (USCT), Company G during the Civil War. Each portrait is accompanied by a short biography and other relevant information. The photograph album originally belonged to Captain William A. Prickitt, a white man who was captain of the 25th Regiment. Captain Prickitt was born in Farmingdale, Monmouth County, and had previously served as a Sergeant in the N.J. Volunteers 14th Regiment, organized at Freehold. The album currently resides at the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, D.C. Anchor Choices Choices: The Covenhoven Family and the Battle of Monmouth 150 W. Main St. Freehold, NJ 07728 Visit the historic 1752 home of William and Elizabeth Covenhoven, which was used as a makeshift headquarters by British General Sir Henry Clinton and his officers in the days before the Battle of Monmouth. Discover the choices that were available to the Revolutionary-era residents of Freehold as the British came through on their way to Sandy Hook. Covenhoven House is open to the public Fridays from 1-4, and on the 2nd and 4th Saturdays of the month. Call-ahead appointments are available as well - email here to schedule a visit. Explore our volunteer tab if you would like to be a guide for this beautiful historic house museum! Open Fridays from 1-4 and from 1-4 on the 2nd and 4th Saturdays of the month Beneath the Floorboards: Whispers of the Enslaved at Marlpit Hall 127 Kings Hwy. Middletown, NJ 07748 Visit this two-time award-winning exhibit now at Marlpit Hall, a c. 1762 farmhouse once owned by the Taylor family of Middletown. The exhibit interprets the home from the perspective of seven of the twelve known enslaved men, women and children who once lived and worked there, exploring the often-overlooked topic of slavery in the North. Open Friday-Sunday from 1-4

The Monmouth County Historical Association collects, preserves, and interprets its extensive museum and archival collections relating to Monmouth County history and culture, making these resources available to the widest possible audience through special programming and exhibits. MCHA also preserves and interprets five significant historic sites that represent the county’s vanishing architectural heritage. Freehold High School, c. 1925 History is Ours Monmouth County, New Jersey is home to some of the most revolutionary history in the story of America. Originally settled in 1675 as part of what was known as the province of East Jersey and officially established in 1683, the county was divided into the three towns of Freehold, Middletown and Shrewsbury. It was from Freehold that Washington strengthened our resolve at the Battle of Monmouth, young William Burroughs Ross went off to fight for the Union, and a tenacious, spirited Lillie Hamm walked into Freehold High School, ready to change the world. Explore the Stories in the MCHA Museum and Archives and Beyond... Established in 1898, MCHA is home to one of the finest and most extensive regional collections in the country. Our museum collection contains over 35,000 objects, and our archives house over 1,000 manuscript collections. In partnership with local history organizations, this digital resource has been curated to support the NJ Social Studies Curriculum for high school students. We are pleased to offer a variety of local and national primary source examples and other fascinating material to help engage students in the classroom, and will continue to build and refresh the resource with new discoveries. Colonial Era thru Revolution 1600s - 1783 Slavery Era, 16oos-1865 Civil War Era, 1861-1865 Early L ocal Industry 1800s to mid-1900s The Gilded Age thru New Deal, 1870-1938 War in the 20th Century Featured Art Peter Luyster c. 1760 by Daniel Hendrickson No, we don't know either. But good luck sleeping tonight. Now and Then... Hover to Peek Into the Past! Click to Enter Under Construction ! Small Town Life Diverse Monmouth Monmouth County has a rich history of diversity, though minority populations have not always been documented as thoroughly. Through oral histories, video presentations and photographs, learn about the achievements of individuals with physical challenges, the fight for women's equality, the fascinating history of Asbury Park's Segregated Seashore, and the struggles and triumphs of our African American and LGBTQ communities. Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Inspiring Civil Rights Quotes from MC Residents We must discredit the notion that economic status defines an individual’s morality. - Reverend William H. Dickerson Next Social Justice Next Next Hey guess what? The next group of categories really have nothing to do with your curriculum, but we think this stuff is cool so we're sharing it with you anyway! Fun ... Fascinating... Quirky.... Monmouth County Stuff & Things People Interesting Stories Museum Collection Have an idea for us? We know an awful lot over here but we don't know it all...if you have an idea for a topic, please share it and we will do our best to integrate it! Email suggestions to dhowell@monmouthhistory.org

The articles in the collection 250 for the 250th: The American Revolution in Monmouth County represent the most complete history of this topic ever assembled. < 250 Home < Previous pg. Next > William Marriner and John Schenck Raid Brooklyn, New York by Michael Adelberg In June 1778, twenty men in two boats left Middletown Point and rowed through the night. They landed in Brooklyn where they took two Loyalists and four slaves, and liberated two prisoners. - June 1778 - Throughout the Revolutionary War, New York City was the hub for the British Army in America. To maintain the army, continuous re-supplying was necessary and most supplies entered New York Harbor via Sandy Hook. This created an opportunity for American sailors to prey on supply ships and boats in the narrow sea lanes that led into New York Harbor. State governments issued “Letters of Marque” that licensed ship captains to act as privateers with the ability to seize British and New York-bound vessels. But, along the Monmouth County shore, most of the maritime actions against the British were not conducted by licensed privateers. As the war progressed, local boatmen went from opportunists preying on disabled ships to deliberate attackers of British assets. The first of these boatmen to launch a New Jersey Government-authorized attack behind British lines was Wiliam Marriner. Historian Richard Koke described Marriner as a shoemaker from New Brunswick, though some antiquarian sources suggest he lived as a boatman at Middletown Point. Marriner is also identified as a New Yorker in a 1778 letter. All might have been true: men in the maritime trades often changed vocation and location based on the season or opportunity. The Marriner-Schenck Raid of Brooklyn On May 21, 1778, the New Jersey Council of Safety authorized Marriner to lead a raid against Flatbush, Brooklyn, to capture prominent Loyalists: Agreed, that William Marriner have permission to call upon… a number of volunteers & to proceed to Flatbush to bring off Mr. [Theophilus] Bache, Mr. [David] Matthews, Major [James] Moncrieffe and as many others as he shall think proper. However, Marriner needed a party of volunteers to take this dangerous mission with him. The punishing raid against Middletown Point, in which Loyalists targeted and burned the vessels of boatmen, gave Marriner the volunteers he needed. Marriner teamed up with a Lieutenant of a local militia company, John Schenck; they, with twenty men, rowed through the night to Brooklyn in two barges. The Marriner-Schenck raid of Brooklyn was anticipated by Colonel Matthias Ogden of the New Jersey Line. On April 9, he wrote George Washington: I have received such certain intelligence of the situation of our Officers that are prisoners on Long Island [Brooklyn], that I think a landing might be effected there in the night, & that between twenty & thirty of our Officers might be brought off with very little risque—I would propose embarking with about thirty men in three row boats, at, or near Middletown Point, tis eighteen miles from thence to New Utrecht bay where I would land, from the place of landing to New Utrecht town is one quarter of a mile, I would there seize the small militia guard kept for the purpose of giving the alarm. Ogden was never authorized to raid Brooklyn, but his plan likely circulated and promoted the idea of attacking Brooklyn from Middletown Point. On June 11, the New Jersey Gazette reported briefly on the Marriner-Schenck raid against Brooklyn "from Middletown Point to Long Island in order to take a few prisoners from Flatbush.” They “returned with Major Moncrieffe and Mr. Theophilus Bache” and “four slaves and brought them to Princeton." The report noted that the raiders also went to the house of Mayor David Matthews, but he was in Manhattan, so he could not be taken. The New York Gazette , a Loyalist newspaper, corroborated this report and added the detail that the raiding party apparently plundered the house of William Nichol, Esq. As the first raid of its type against Brooklyn, the Marriner-Scheck raid drew excited commentary. An anonymous New York Loyalist wrote: It is perhaps the most extraordinary circumstance which ever took place: a party of men to land on a clear evening, pass five miles on a public road, by great numbers of houses, enter a town, take off two of the principal inhabitants and return and embark unmolested -- it is not a pleasant telling story. Alexander Graydon, a captured Continental Army officer detained in Brooklyn, was freed by Marriner’s party. He wrote: “One Marriner… made a descent with a small party on the Island, with the view of getting Matthews in his clutches." Marriner did not take David Matthews, but did capture Major Moncrieffe and Theophilus Bache. He also liberated Graydon and another officer, Colonel Forrest, "by means of his magical power.” Graydon said Marriner’s party "consisted of twenty militiamen, in two flat-bottomed boats.” Graydon further discussed Marriner’s raid and his risky escape: At his landing on Long Island, he left his two boats under guard of five men, while he visited the interior; but these five men, hearing a fire, which was kept upon us by the Flatbush guard, concluded that Marriner was defeated and taken; so, without further ceremony, they took one of the boats and made their escape. The other boat, as we reached shore, was going adrift; we were much crowded into her, but it fortunately was very calm, otherwise we could not have weathered it. Graydon claimed that Marriner previously had been captured and jailed in New York. He "had long been confined and cruelly used [by Matthews]… and knew him personally." Nathaniel Scudder, a member of the Continental Congress but in Freehold at the time of the raid, reported on the raid to Elias Boudinot (the Commissary of Prisoners for the Continental government): He [Marriner], with a party of Monmouth militia, last Saturday night passed over to Long Island, and surprised the town of Flatbush - brought off Major Moncrieffe and Theophilus Bache – a Continental Captain who was prisoner there, & 4 Negroes, without any loss on his side, having performed the whole movement in about ten hours. The Major and Mr. Bache are at Mr. Livingston's [Gov. William Livingston] in Princeton & really look silly enough. The Brooklyn Loyalists, Bache and Moncrieffe, did not stay in Princeton for long. They were exchanged in July. The success of the Marriner-Schenck raid led to similar actions later in the year. In September, a Monmouth militia captain, Samuel Carhart, led a small raid against Brooklyn in which he sacked the houses of two Loyalists, Jacob Carpenter and Wiliam Cook. In October, Marriner, now carrying a Letter of Marque from the State of New Jersey, led another raid against Brooklyn. He would again capture two prominent Loyalists. This raid and Marriner’s exploits as a privateer are the subject of another article. Related Historic Site : The Lott House (Brooklyn, New York) Sources : Anonymous Account in Richard J. Koke, "War, Profits, and Privateers Along the Jersey Coast," New York Historical Society Quarterly, vol. 41, 1957, p 295; Nathaniel Scudder to Elias Boudinot, Boudinot, J. J. (ed.). The Life, Public Service, Addresses, and Letters of Elias Boudinot, (New York: Da Capo Press, 1971) vol. 1, p 174; Matthias Ogden to George Washington, The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series, vol. 14, 1 March 1778 – 30 April 1778, ed. David R. Hoth. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2004, pp. 440–441; Minutes of the Provincial Congress and the Council of Safety of the State of New Jersey 1775-1776 (Ithaca: Cornell University Library, 2009) p 239; Library of Congress, Early American Newspaper, New Jersey Gazette, reel 1930[ Kenneth Scott, Rivington's New York Newspaper: Excerpts from a Loyalist Press, 1773-1783 (New York: New York Historical Society, 1973) p 127; Archives of the State of New Jersey, Extracts from American Newspapers Relating to New Jersey (Paterson, NJ: Call Printing, 1903) vol. 2, p 320; Alexander Graydon, Memoirs of His Own Time: With Reminiscences of the Men and Events of the Revolution (Nabu Press, 2010) p316; Kenneth Scott, Rivington's New York Newspaper: Excerpts from a Loyalist Press, 1773-1783 (New York: New York Historical Society, 1973) p 152. Previous Next

These pieces from our collection will give you a more in-depth sense of the time in which the inhabitants of Marlpit Hall lived. Click the images to be directed to our world-class eMuseum, where you can read the curatorial remarks about each object. Grisaille Painted Kast, ca. 1720 Hanging Cupboard, 1722 Dressing Table, ca. 1730 - 1760 Alderman's Staff, ca. 1834 Tall Case Clock, ca. 1802 - 1810 Marlpit Hall - Taylor Homestead Henry Thomas Gulick, 1952 Sampler Hannah Dorset Taylor, 1811 Edward Taylor, ca. 1830 Photos from the Archives Mary Holmes Taylor III, c. 1865 Last direct descendant of Edward Taylor at Marlpit Hall Marlpit Hall, c. 1900 Former quarters of the enslaved at Marlpit Hall, 2020